Sharing Cultures 2013
international conference on intangible heritage that I attended last week in
Aveiro, Portugal (see previous post), included a day of visits to see local
expressions of intangible heritage – so I thought I’d give a quick summary of
some of the things we saw.
We began the day with a visit to
an 'ovos moles' studio, a traditional sweet from the Aveiro region. ‘Ovos
moles’ means ‘soft eggs’, and the recipe was created by the nuns of the area
who had a surplus of egg yolks because they used the egg whites to starch their
habits. The sweets consist of a wafer-like outer casing made to the same recipe
as religious hosts, with a filling made from egg yolks, sugar and water. Ovos
moles have EU ‘Protected Geographical Indication’ status (like Melton Mowbray
pork pies), as a result of which they can only be made in the region and no
changes can be made to the recipe - e.g. you can't add flavourings or dip them
in chocolate. I found this very interesting as it raises familiar questions in
the intangible heritage debate about the extent to which measures designed to
safeguard something can actually lead to its demise because they stifle the
creativity and change necessary for something to remain relevant.
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| Salt pans at the Ecomuseu Marinha da Troncalhada |
Our second visit was to the
city's ecomuseum to see salt harvesting. Historically, salt extraction played a
major role in the local economy, but the rise of new methods of food
preservation, such as refrigeration and freezing, led to a rapid decline in demand
for salt, especially from boats going cod fishing in the North Sea – today most
of the salt is used to grit roads in winter. As a result, the number of
‘salinas’ has fallen dramatically – from 270 in 1970 to 8 in 2011. Concern for
the loss of cultural, landscape, ecological and ethnological values associated
with traditional methods of salt production have led to the city exploring ways
to keep the heritage alive – through artisanal salt production, combining salt
production with other products, and through tourism – such as the ecomuseum,
which has two crystallisation pans for visitors to have a go at scraping out
the salt. See here for a detailed article on the
subject.
In the afternoon we went to the ‘Association of the Friends of the Lagoon and the Moliceiro Boats’ to learn about the traditional painting of ‘moliceiros’ boats – small boats used for harvesting algae. The boats are painted using particular colours – red, yellow, blue, green and white – which are separated in a prescribed way. The boats have four picture panels – two at the prow and two at the stern – which are not repeated, and these are surrounded by a patterned border. Sexual innuendo is a popular theme for the panels we were told! There are also ‘rules’ regarding the colours and designs used on the insides of the boats. The Association appears to be very active in keeping the shipyard going and keeping the skills of making and painting the boats and of sailing alive, as well as in promoting the tradition to the wider public.
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| Local residents making adobe bricks |
Our final visit of the day was to
a local ethnographic museum, which used to be a family farm (the family still
live nearby). I didn’t have a chance to look around as I was too distracted by
the elderly locals demonstrating traditional skills for us – including adobe
brick making, netmaking, plant grafting, and basketmaking (which I was hooked
on). We ended the day with a feast of fish, bread and wine, and live music and
dancing from the local residents.
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